Human blood is red because it contains a large number of red blood cells, which contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a red-colored, iron-containing protein that functions in oxygen transport by reversibly binding to oxygen. Oxygenated hemoglobin and blood are bright red; deoxygenated hemoglobin and blood are dark red.
Blood is a mixture of cells and a watery liquid, called plasma, that the cells float in. It also contains other things like nutrients (such as sugar), hormones, clotting agents, and waste products to be flushed out of the body. Humans can't live without blood. Without blood, the body's organs couldn't get the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive; we couldn't keep warm or cool off, fight infections, or get rid of our own waste products. Without enough blood, we'd weaken and die.
The average person has about 5 liters (more than a gallon) of blood. In babies and young kids, blood cells are made within the bone marrow (the soft tissue inside of bones), particularly in the long bones like the humerus (the upper arm bone) and femur (the thigh bone). But, as kids get older and approach adulthood, blood cells are made mostly in the bone marrow of the vertebrae (the bones of the spine), ribs, pelvis, skull, sternum (the breastbone). Some blood cells carry oxygen (necessary for metabolic reactions), some blood cells fight off invading substances that could destroy your cells, and other blood cells help to form clots, which keep your body from losing too much blood. The fluid portion of the blood carries nutrients needed to fuel each cell in the body. It also shuttles wastes that need to be transported to the excretory system to be passed out of the body and carbon dioxide that needs to be transported to the lungs to be exhaled. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins and is the chief means of transport within the body. It transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. It transports nutritive substances and metabolites to the tissues and removes waste products to the kidneys and other organs of excretion. It has an essential role in the maintenance of fluid balance. In an emergency, blood cells and antibodies carried in the blood are brought to a point of infection, or blood-clotting substances are carried to a break in a blood vessel.
The blood distributes hormones temperature by carrying excess heat from the interior of the body to the surface layers of from the endocrine glands to the organs they influence. It also helps regulate body the skin, where the heat is dissipated to the surrounding air. Blood varies in color from a bright red in the arteries to a duller red in the veins.
Different types of blood : -
Arterial blood: - Is oxygenated blood, found in the pulmonary veins, the left chambers of the heart, and the systemic arteries.
Citrated blood: -Is blood treated with sodium citrate or citric acid to prevent its coagulation.
Cord blood: - Is blood that is contained in umbilical vessels at time of delivery of the infant.
Occult blood: - Is blood that is present in such small quantities that it is detectable only by chemical tests or by spectroscopic or microscopic examination.
Predonated autologous blood: - Is blood donated prior to surgery or other invasive procedure for use in a possible autotransfusion.
Venous blood: - Is blood that has given up its oxygen to the tissues and is carrying carbon dioxide back through the systemic veins for gas exchange in the lungs.
Whole blood: - Is blood from which none of the elements has been removed, sometimes specifically that drawn from a selected donor under aseptic conditions, containing citrate ion or heparin, and used as a blood replenisher.
Blood is a mixture of cells and a watery liquid, called plasma, that the cells float in. It also contains other things like nutrients (such as sugar), hormones, clotting agents, and waste products to be flushed out of the body. Humans can't live without blood. Without blood, the body's organs couldn't get the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive; we couldn't keep warm or cool off, fight infections, or get rid of our own waste products. Without enough blood, we'd weaken and die.
The average person has about 5 liters (more than a gallon) of blood. In babies and young kids, blood cells are made within the bone marrow (the soft tissue inside of bones), particularly in the long bones like the humerus (the upper arm bone) and femur (the thigh bone). But, as kids get older and approach adulthood, blood cells are made mostly in the bone marrow of the vertebrae (the bones of the spine), ribs, pelvis, skull, sternum (the breastbone). Some blood cells carry oxygen (necessary for metabolic reactions), some blood cells fight off invading substances that could destroy your cells, and other blood cells help to form clots, which keep your body from losing too much blood. The fluid portion of the blood carries nutrients needed to fuel each cell in the body. It also shuttles wastes that need to be transported to the excretory system to be passed out of the body and carbon dioxide that needs to be transported to the lungs to be exhaled. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins and is the chief means of transport within the body. It transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. It transports nutritive substances and metabolites to the tissues and removes waste products to the kidneys and other organs of excretion. It has an essential role in the maintenance of fluid balance. In an emergency, blood cells and antibodies carried in the blood are brought to a point of infection, or blood-clotting substances are carried to a break in a blood vessel.
The blood distributes hormones temperature by carrying excess heat from the interior of the body to the surface layers of from the endocrine glands to the organs they influence. It also helps regulate body the skin, where the heat is dissipated to the surrounding air. Blood varies in color from a bright red in the arteries to a duller red in the veins.
Different types of blood : -
Arterial blood: - Is oxygenated blood, found in the pulmonary veins, the left chambers of the heart, and the systemic arteries.
Citrated blood: -Is blood treated with sodium citrate or citric acid to prevent its coagulation.
Cord blood: - Is blood that is contained in umbilical vessels at time of delivery of the infant.
Occult blood: - Is blood that is present in such small quantities that it is detectable only by chemical tests or by spectroscopic or microscopic examination.
Predonated autologous blood: - Is blood donated prior to surgery or other invasive procedure for use in a possible autotransfusion.
Venous blood: - Is blood that has given up its oxygen to the tissues and is carrying carbon dioxide back through the systemic veins for gas exchange in the lungs.
Whole blood: - Is blood from which none of the elements has been removed, sometimes specifically that drawn from a selected donor under aseptic conditions, containing citrate ion or heparin, and used as a blood replenisher.